Interview of Vaishali Kawalkar : When was Gothic Architecture Introduced ?

Gothic Architecture

Q.  Tell us the origins of Gothic Architecture.

Civilizations come and go. This, is the transient feature of life. What defines them is what they leave behind for posterity to see, admire and learn.

Something similar took place half the globe across from India, in the continent of Europe, close to 2000 years back. With the Roman Empire in retreat, Europe was over-run by Germanic tribes such as the Goths, Visigoths,  Angles, Saxons, Lombards and Vandals. The last lent their name to a particular brand of barbarous rout which they left behind in most places they conquered. Less of conquering and more of looting and destruction was what was witnessed.

These tribes defined their own style of construction which though derided initially by the likes of Christopher Wren as barbarous, rude and an offence to the eyes, was never-the-less accepted by most from then to the present as masterpieces of architecture. Despite their vandalizing traits, they borrowed heavily from the Romans whom they replaced in most places combined with ther own local influences.

Q.  What are the most distinctive features of Gothic Architectures?

 The first thing any Gothic structure does is arrest your attention! Huge in any way you see it, these could be seen from miles away with spires touching the sky! And that too on an impossibly thin base! As you get close, you observe other distinctive features like arches, sloping roofs at impossible angles, spires etc.

Given these features, Church built in Gothic style still create a powerful impression on the approaching worshipper, demonstrating both the might of God and the might of the institution that it represents.

Q.  Where is it that this style of architecture is found in numbers?

It first appeared in France in the 12th century and lasted till the 16th. The term Gothic came into being during the later part of the Renaissance. Mostly found all over Europe, it manifested itself in the best and most magnificent of great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings with its distinctive spires, height and great arches, ribbed vault and the flying buttress imparting a feeling of pride, grandiousness and opulence.

As it progressed, it found its influence in palaces, town halls and castles as well. The last being its most enduring legacy. They generally formed the landmark building in most European towns, rising high above all the other structures and often surmounted by one or more towers and spires.

These structures were the skyscrapers of those days with some being the tallest man-made structures in Europe till then.

Q.  Is there a utility aspect to the way these structures built or was the purpose purely ornamental?

The Gothic style, emphasized verticality and ventilation achieved by the development of certain architectural features, which together provided an engineering solution. The structural parts of the building ceased to be its solid walls which became stone skeletons comprising clustered columns, pointed ribbed vaults and flying buttresses.

Innovations such as the use of pointed arch which channel the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle were used extensively. While, structurally it gave a greater flexibility to architectural form, it also gave Gothic architecture a very distinct character far removed from the prevailing Roman influence.

Another striking feature were the windows which developed from simple openings to immensely rich and decorative sculptural designs. The windows were very often filled with stained glass murals which added a dimension of colour to the light within the building, as well as providing a medium for figurative and narrative art.

Q.  Where is Gothic architecture to be seen today, especially in India?

The period of Renaissance saw the decline of the Gothic style which was revived in the middle of the 18th century in England and spread thru into the 20th century.

The English carried this forward to their colonies world-wide, a prime example of this in India being the glanderous railway station in Mumbai called Victoria Teminus, later named “The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus”. 

Q.  Any luck for Pune as regards Gothic architecture?

Two structures come to my mind as regards Pune.

Lal Deval, a Jewish Synagogue resembling a church in classic English Gothic style. Built by philanthropist David Sassoon in 1867, it is placed in a conspicuously manner on Moledina Road.

The main building of the University of Pune too is in classic Italian Gothic style. Built in 1871, it has a 100-feet high tower and stylized terraced gardens besides many porches and arches. A lot of ornamentation has gone into making this structure truly grand.

Q.  Where does this lead to?

Architect in Pune like Sovereign Architects do want to create grandiose structure in Gothic style provided there is a demand for the same.

Gothic architecture was in vogue when land and material were available cheap and in abundance, both of which don’t hold true anymore. That said, there are certain things this form of architecture has taught us, like the use of height, columns, glass etc which we try to the extent possible to incorporate into our creations and seem to be succeeding.

Q.  Any last words on Gothic Architecture and Sovereign Architects?

The creators of this style of Architecture where-ever in Europe have our deepest regards. They were Masters and that too in times when there were none to teach them. One has to learn by experience despite which they went ahead and created humongous master pieces which are still standing tall and will do so for a long time to come.

We, have a lot to learn from them and we shall learn from them.

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Q&A with Vaishali Kawalkar : 'How architecture has changed the world' ???

Architecture affects the world

In this exclusive interview we speak to Vaishali Kawalkar Founder of Sovereign Architects, the finest architects in Pune. She is a passionate architect with an aim to bring in innovation in the field of architecture she founded this design organization in 2001. Her professional qualification and expertise in the field of Interior Designing, Architecture and Landscape Designing and offering Turnkey Project Management Services is noteworthy as helped her evolve into a pragmatic and an accomplished architect. She is a visionary who believes that architecture should be an integral part of the environment. According to her, Architecture can change the world into a better and wonderful place.

We are sharing with you excerpts of the interview:

Question: Good Morning Ma’am, it is indeed a wonderful opportunity to interview an accomplished young achiever.

Vaishali Kawalkar: Pleasure is mine and indeed it is as an honour to be considered as a young achiever.

Question: Why did you choose this profession?

Vaishali Kawalkar: Right from childhood I have always aspired to create beautiful buildings and I would always enjoy drawing them. This aspiration in my later years turned into a passion.

Question: How has architecture changed the world?

Vaishali Kawalkar: As an architect many a times I have wondered “How architecture has changed the world? Is it possible for architecture to really change the world and bring in a new dimension?”

I still remember the first time that I questioned myself about this. This is quite an interesting question which makes one ponder. 

Question: What is the basis of today’s architectural splendor?

Vaishali Kawalkar: Today’s cities are marvels of engineering which comprises of architecture splendor.  The soaring skyscrapers, office buildings, massive structures each defying gravity and touching lofty heights. These innovations in architecture can find its basis in ancient monuments and structures. There are many architectural breakthroughs that changed the world.

Question: Can you quote a few examples to validate it?

Vaishali Kawalkar: History has been a witness to this change. The greatest achievement of ancient times in architecture is the Great Pyramid of Giza. It is considered to be the oldest seven wonders of the Ancient world which still stands intact having the credit of being the tallest structure for almost four millennia.

Another innovative masterpiece of architecture was the Assyrian Jerwan Aqueduct built during 703 and 688 BC which used waterproof concrete. This was a source of inspiration for people to build massive structures in water.

 In the past 2000 years the rounded arches which was invented by the Mesopotamians and later popularized by Romans has evolved from time to time into many different and innovative shapes. The modern architects have also incorporated these arches to beautify buildings, parks, monuments, office space, etc.

Glass windows which are in vogue making your rooms trendy and classic were first used around 100 AD by the Ancient Romans in Alexandria.

Can anyone forget the still existent Great Wall of China the initial construction started in 7^th century B.C and is over 13,000 miles long?  It is an amazing and largest civil construction project ever conceived.

The white marble splendor of Taj Mahal and the ancient temples and churches can also be considered as structures that represent the combination of religion, art, culture and designing. These monuments were elaborately designed taking into account every minute details of the elements of architectural designing bringing in a lot of visual interest and aesthetic style till date.

Question: What is the reason behind the creation of these architecture wonders?

Vaishali Kawalkar: These architecture wonders was created to serve a specific purpose like fortifying their territories against invasion, providing housing, recreation, water facility, drainage, etc.

The sky scrapers and the lofty cathedrals denote that the sky is the limit. The Lincoln cathedral was constructed in 1300 and the first skyscraper was constructed in Chicago in 1884. The innovation of the skyscraper was height combined with lots of load bearing floors, ease of construction were specifically designed to increase urban density. This is now become a trend world over and you would not have witnessed urban revolution if any of these factors had not happened.

Question: What has been the contribution of your firm?

Vaishali Kawalkar: The human race has been able to transform the environment into an effective one which could actually impact the lives and communities. There has been a growing trend in the recent past world over about the creation of more sustainable designs which are more responsive to the environment like the creation of an Eco Metropolis in China, Bio Reactor building in Germany, etc.

Everyday architecture is being re-invented and re-imagined wherein more technologies and materials are being explored that could transform the world completely. We at Sovereign Architects have this unique vision to bring in a positive change in the world by creating some wonderful architecture structures like bungalows, apartments, office buildings, landscaping, etc. We believe that designs can change the world and our team of expert architects help in building a better tomorrow. We aspire to create more innovative and inspiring structures which can bring in people and communities together.

Q&A with Vaishali Kawalkar -- How does Architecture Affects the Environment ???

Architecture & Environment

In this exclusive interview we speak to Vaishali Kawalkar Founder of Sovereign Architects, the finest architects in Pune. She is a passionate architect with an aim to bring in innovation in the field of architecture she founded this design organization in 2001. Her professional qualification and expertise in the field of Interior Designing, Architecture and Landscape Designing and offering Turnkey Project Management Services is noteworthy. Her aim is to develop inspirational designing techniques. She along with her fully equipped team of professionals including Draftsmen, Interior Designers, Associate Landscape Architects continuously endeavour to maintain a high standard of design from an Aesthetic and Utility point of view.

Question: As the founder of Sovereign Architects what do you think is the fundamental purpose of architecture?

Vaishali Kawalkar: It is a very simple yet complicated question. According to me, architecture is the creation of a physical environment where people live. This can be obviously a very simple answer, but if we need to know the complexities we need to dig further. It includes a range of questions like: What do we mean by built environment? What are the factors which constitute the quality of life? How can architects determine what is relevant, helpful or positive for different individuals and collectives? I thus believe that architecture serves the society holistically and positively and thereby helps in improving the quality of life.

Q: What is the role of environment in architecture?

Vaishali Kawalkar: Architecture and Environment are natural companions each complementing the other. It is not possible to design good building without understanding their relationship to the natural surroundings or the environment. Similarly it is not possible to understand the environment without knowing how the intervention of human can affect it both positively and negatively.

Q: How does architecture affect the environment?

Vaishali Kawalkar: As discussed in the previous question, architecture and environment coexist. Architecture does impact the environment both positively and negatively. Physical structures have profound effects on the environment. Thus the need of the hour is designing humane and appropriate structures which not only induce a positive mental state of the human behavior but it should also be considered as an important component and also a means of preserving and conserving our environment. With the natural sources being limited, it is necessary to incorporate innovative eco-friendly design elements into the various building projects. But, to overcome the negative impacts of architecture one can implement ‘Green Architecture’. This is a holistic approach which recognizes and encourages the designing of a building which reduces the impact of building upon the environment and its various resources like land, air, water. We at Sovereign architects implement an innovative technique of designing which tries to improve the aesthetic beauty of a building without disturbing the natural surroundings. Our goal is to create the greatest harmony of resources and improve efficiency while creating the most durable buildings with the least impact on the environment.

Sovereign Architects strive to complete this new approach of designing and constructing a home, apartment, bungalow or other buildings by using special features which are more environmentally friendly. We include the latest energy efficient technology in construction to create a high performance economical, energy saving, durable, environmentally friendly and resource sustainable building. A sustainable building will have minimal adverse effects of the environment, in the immediate natural surrounding and on a wider scale globally too. An integrated attitude to architecture needs to be adopted which is a combination of energy efficient materials, construction methods, efficient building systems and design issues. It is required to be adopted at every stage of the construction of the project right from its inception to the end.

We respect and lift the spirit of the earth and the person to realize the completeness of well being. 

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How does architecture reflect society...

Taj Mahal

Long after we are all dead and gone, there shall remain one thing which shall define us. Our architecture.

Look in any direction whether within or outside your immediate vicinity. What is it that binds you to our past? Architecture.

What we are today as a people has a direct bearing on our past which gets reflected by its architecture.

If you are in the vicinity of any building of archeological importance, do visit it to understand the social mores and how it affected architecture. In Pune, the perfect place to start would be to visit one of Shivaji’s forts. Most are not easily accessible and this was done intentionally. Being of strategic importance to a smaller army which pitted against a much larger adversaries and won, it does give us an idea of what architecture meant to people at that point in time.

Another place worth visiting though not in the immediate vicinity of Pune are the rock caves of Ajanta and Ellora. These give us an idea of what religion and renunciation meant about two millennias back. It also make it aware that our predecessors managed to make things we would find difficult to make today- despite humongous advances in technology in every field of architecture and building.

In some case like Mohanjo-Daro and Nalanda, it in fact showed that despite its age, they were quite advanced in time and does reflect a level of ingenuity which due to the advent of standardization and mechanization is slowly dying out. It is sad to note that despite huge strides in this field, on an individual level, we are in fact becoming only less innovative and happy being copy cats. With the easy availability of materials for construction and ideas on mediums like the internet, all our buildings be they homes, schools, factories etc look alike with hardly any scope for any change. Standardization does have its own advantages like speedy completion and cost reduction. But the flip side is that we become lazy and less likely to experiment. The only motivation sometimes is to make money and more money and create an increasing number of indistinguishable buildings.

Not all seems to be lost in this headlong rush to standardize. There are quite a few  like Soverign Architects in Pune which have made it their signature style to be as distinct as possible in the given constraints like space, time, budgets and legislations. You go to them and they with their resources in terms of men and material tell you all the options available and where you so feel, can give you a complete home, inside-out, top to bottom!

Pune, with its enticing weather, dew-drop quality water and educated populace becomes you to make it your home. Architects in Pune, most of whom are from the vicinity await the opportunity to serve you.

Live life King size in a Democracy! It seriously cannot get any better than this.

Happy home making!

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Please feel free to post your comments below.

About Author :- Vaishali Kawalkar is the Founder of Sovereign Architects.

How architecture has changed !!!

Architectural Boom in India

Can all of us build the Taj for our beloveds?

In most case, we may want to but do we have the means to do so?

What if we could?

Well, the whole plant would be turned into a cemetery with ghost giving company to the living!

What then is the reason for this apparent “inability”?

The list of reasons is long with one major change being the way architecture itself has undergone a sea change.  

Architectures of the ancients had two things in common. They had passion and expression…..and plenty of money and resources. What they did not have which evolution and constraints have handed down to us is the use of Technology. Technology in every sphere be it designing to usage of unheard-of materials to newer methodology to R&D has seen to it that we now have structures which would not have been possible a few centuries back. We can now dream of a kilometer-high building!!!

Another reason for change has been the change in our lives from hunter-gatherers to farmers to small-town or village dwellers to a global citizenry. Democracy has seen to it that all or none are kings. Our homes, offices, spaces and utilities now reflect this global truth of equality. Inequalities though not as stark as before are increasingly getting erased due to availability of resources ie money.

Geologists say that our Mother Earth seems to be at its quietest in the last 6 lakh years which directly affects the number of deaths due to natural calamities. More humans on the plant means lesser space per person on the ground. Where does one go? Upwards. High rises are thus the order of the day. The past and its technologies to do with Architecture are of no use here. One is left to devise new ways to harness material and nature so as to make spaces high up in the air. 

A high population and advent of a political system which gives us all equal rights means that in addition to houses which go vertical, other structures like roads, rails, dams, factories etc need to be made in ways which give optimum returns to us humans for the price incurred. This, again means we walk into the unknown as there is no great body of knowledge to guide us from the past. We create history as we go along which is very much the case with Architecture. A case in point? China. It has built some of the most radical structures which till the recent past was thought to be impossible like the Three Gorges Dam and the Lhasa Railwayline.

Pune, part of the Industrialized western belt of India, is an area of humongous growth, both industrial and residential. Being endowed amply with water, air, sunshine and good earth, it is one hotspot most Indians covet to occupy in some form or the other be it a bunglow, a flat, a row house or any other idea one can think of. Being the cultural capital of Maharashtra (as opposed to the commercial capital, Mumbai), it has always been a city of the educated and cultured to whom besides the rest, aesthetically designed homes was always an absolute necessity. Keeping pace with times, architechts inPune like Soverign Architects, have always been an intrepid lot ready to take up any challenge that seems interesting and challenging.

Where you still dream of having your very own Mahal (with or without the Taj!), you sure know where to go!

Happy constructing!!

How architecture evolved !!!

Evolving Architecture

The science of planning, designing and constructing structures be it physical or otherwise (as in software) has come to be recognized as “Architecture”.

To remain congruent, we restrict our scope of the word to constructing buildings and structures. It includes the following:

• The art and science of designing, and constructing structures be they buildings or things of utility. IT may vary from structures on a macro level like urban design, landscape architecture etc., to things on a micro-level like detailing interiors of a room. 

• Styling these construction to reflect their uniqueness. 

The basic premise of architecture has always been to make any place fit for human habitation which may include things not directly involved with day-to-day living but which never-the-less aids in the same to a large extent like dams, roads, airports etc.

Till about 500 years in the past, the science of architecture was more to do with creating structures for the wealthy and the powerful be they Kings, Chieftans or the likes with the majority living off the land in subsistence form. This is reflected in the various architectural sites dug-up all around us be it in India or outside. It was more to do with power projection than utility.

In the west, it was Rome with its democratice set-up around 500 BC which for the first time built structures keeping in mind the entire population instead of a few.

In the present times, with everything of material value either being in short supply or being available with conflicting interests, the goal of any architectural endeavors is to design and construct space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. One can no longer be a lone ranger and needs to work within specific limits laid down by law.

One entity who seems to defy this order of aggradisement is the great Maratha King, Shivaji Raje Bhosale. True to his “Jaanta Raja” image, he lived amongst his people as one of them instead of being one above them. His forts (mind you not palalces as was the wont of his contemporaries all over the world then!) strategically inaccessible as they were, were rather democratic with facilities being made available without exception to all those who stayed there.

Architects in Pune seem to take it from this one great institution in that there exist architects like Soverign Architects who not only cater to the high and might but also those who aim mighty high.

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Please feel free to post your comments below.

About Author :- Vaishali Kawalkar is the head of Sovereign Architects.

Ancient Architectural Wonders of India

Mahabalipuram

India. One word for chaos, madness and miseries of all kinds brought about by sheer variety and numbers. 2nd most populous country with the largest number of officially recognized languages, communities, religions……..the list seems endless.

To top it all, democracy (or shall we call it democrazy!!)! In the classical Indian way, everyone want to express their views at the same time! Since no one is the leader and everyone is, expressing ourselves is second nature. 

Expressing can go beyond the obvious. It may include even Architecture! 

Mad we were and mad we are. Mentioned below is a list of places that we think are architectural wonders that express how madly marvelous we Indians are!

Ajanta & Ellora: Only because they are relatively close by and belong to the same era, they are read together. Otherwise as diverse as chalk and cheese, these sites are about 100 kms apart and the stuff inside also belong to different times.

Ajanta: Had the British army officer John Smith not gone on a tiger hunting expedition, way back in 1819, we would have possibly missed it for another century and a half! About 2 dozen-odd caves with close to as many monuments cut-out from hard basalt rock something not too easy on the chisel, these contain Buddhist religious art which include paintings and sculptures which are described by authorities as "the finest surviving examples of Indian art, particularly painting". It depicts the Buddha in various forms as depicted in the Jataka tales.

Ellora Caves: A corruption to its original name Elapura, this grand monument which lies 30 kms north-west of Aurangabad city in Maharashtra, was buit by the southern dynasty of Rashtrakutas, is as impressive as (if not more than) Ajanta. A total of 34 caves were carved between the 5th and 10th centuty AD into the vertical face of the Charanandri hills made up of basalt. Consisting of religious structures of the then prevailing three religions of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddisim, it does speak volumes of religious co-existence. Massive meeting arenas with high domes and so multi-storied  buildings were carved out to perfection which is difficult to imagine today. 

Shravanabelagola: If you ever happen to pass by the town of Hassan in the southern part of Karnataka, you would not miss the this wonder. A free standing monolith of 60 feet, it stands on a hillock called the Vindyagiri Hill. You have to be completely blind to miss it. Built in the 10th century AD, this monolith (yes, one single piece of dark grey granite!) was Chandragupta Maurya’s gift to us Indians. Arishtanemi, the supposed sculptor might have been a genius. Every detail taken care of and looking like it was made only a while ago and not +2000 yeara back!

Mahabalipuram: You could not expect anything less that this from the warrior-wrestler-artist King Narasimhavarman I! Yes, a full-fledged sea-port which exported as far as Rome, Greece and the South-East Asian countries- only around 2000 years back! Even the firangees acknowledge this !! A string of 7 temples in the form of chariots once lined the sea shore depticting the entire Mahabharata. The sea gods consumed 6 and left one for us to admire! They were rich!. Very, very filthy rich. From accounts of local poets, it seems ships were so laden with precious metals and goodies that they almost toppled over! 

Hampi: After the chaos comes the silence. Once the seat of the Vijayanagara Empire (it in fact, predates it), it saw its heydays between the years 1343 to 1565. It is located in the north Karnataka district of Bellary infamous today for rampant, unchecked and mostly unauthorized mining. In fact, such has been the scale of destruction that it has started to affect the structures at Hampi and also the Tungabhadra dam close by. The word Hampi is derived from Pampa, the erstwhile name of Tungabhadra. Amongst the runis are a number of Hindu temples like the Virupaksha Temple, the Achyutaraya Temple and the Malyavanta Raghunathaswamy temple besides many others. At the height of the Vijayanagara empire, the city was enclosed in seven layers of fortification of which the innermost is still more-or-less intact.

These are by no means the only ones. India is dotted with such ancient wonders waiting to be discovered. We shall endeavor to bring these to you with the hope that these inspire you to try making your life just as grand and wonderful despite the problems and shortcomings you may face.

Alone it may be impossible to create master pieces. But then what are architects for? Dream, plan and employ, and hope your dreams come true!

One last thing. Cities come and cities go. What remains is stuff which is strong, resilient and architecturally sound. The Pune of today has come a long way from the small town of the Peshwas half-a-millenium back. One thing remains though. The sense of pride and self worth which has been nurtured by great people like the Warrior-King Shivaji. The mantle of building master pieces which promise to out-last their residents has now been passed on to great architects in Pune like Sovereign Architects who are proud of their lineage, work and ethics.

We hope to see our city in safe hands; hands which invoke safety and grandeur in equal measures.

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Please feel free to post your comments below.

About Author :- Vaishali Kawalkar is the founder of Sovereign Arcitects.

How does architecture affects human behavior ?

Soothing Architecture

Ever been in a building which makes you feel uneasy? Your 6th sense constantly tells you something is not correct and that being here in bound to bring some harm. This can happen even in the most posh and luxuriously furnished place. 

Conversely, you may have been to places which despite its sparse and ordinary set-up, made you feel extremely happy and positive for no apparent reason! 

Both these situations may have one thing in common. Architecture. 

Humans have come to define this planet and all there is here. We now have a vice-like grip on the resources of this planet including the spaces upon which we can build further. There is a very obvious mismatch between want of space and its availability. The result can sometimes mean a living area devoid of any feelings existing only to fill a need. 

But like it happens, even the darkest hour can bring unexpected revelations. Thankfully, humans as specie have the ability to study and change their surroundings how-so-ever bad they be. This change in most cases is brought about by a science called Architecture. 

To illustrate how surroundings affect our feelings, we take the case of the Dr Jonas Salk who did pioneering work for the cure of polio. Functioning from his lab in a dark basement in Pittsburgh in the US, he traveled to a monastery in Italy on vacation to break the monotony. Suddenly amongst the columns and courtyards, he got this blinding flash of an insight which led him to conclude his study. He was thus convinced of the ability of places to bring out the best in humans and in fact teamed-up with a renowned architect to create an institution to study this further.  

Coming nearer home, ever visited an old educational institution (like the Agricultureal College of Pune). Its corridors invariably make you inquisitive towards what the institution professes. You want to study and you want to explore! 

Mind you, this is all an inter-play between the elements ie water, air, sunlight and our constraints in terms of use of scarce resources. And it does not end with making a structure with windows and doors in place. What you put inside to make the interiors look good also matters. 

The science of architecture is a science of observation. It seems obvious that we should intricately study people, behavior and psychology before designing any place. In India, given our space constraint, all too frequent brawls and fights take place in terribly crowded places. Places too big or too small restrict people’s choice to interact or stay isolated. Make it too small and you feel physically and psychologically cramped with the more than required un-necessary interactions. It threaten the sense of control individuals have over privacy and how they choose to regulate social interactions.

Making it too big means you are wasting a precious resource which could otherwise have been a stable source of income in these uncertain times. 

In this world of unending complexity and crowd, imagine yourself wanting to live in a structure and enjoy every moment of it, be it a residence, an office, a shop or any place humans normally frequent! Well, if you have the good fortune of being in the city of Pune famed for its valorous past, prosperous present, fine weather, food, education, people……. you visit an Architect. 

There are architects in Pune and interior designers………..and you have Sovereign Architects who don’t boast but boost. Being a government-certified entity with the right kind of experience and infrastructure, you get something which will remain the owner’s delight and very obviously the neighbour’s envy!

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Please feel free to post your comments below.
About Author :- Vaishali Kawalkar is the founder of Sovereign Architects.